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re:ZT 语风妈妈"目光接触训练 (...
ZT 语风妈妈
"目光接触训练 (初始阶段-A)
非常理解很多新来的朋友都为孩子的目光接触而着急,我们当初也走过这一段.因为这是自闭最明显的特征之一,但也是相对容易提高的方面.我们当初得益于 Julia Moor的一本书,按照她的建议,大概花了2个月的时间,小考拉的水平就提高很多了.现在把有关的段落摘录如下,供大家参考(因时间关系,只好是英文了):
Always be aware of the anxiety and discomfort that direct approaches to interact with your child may be causing.Let your understanding of these feelings be reflected in gentle non-invasive interactions and where a direct approach is used, keep it to short comfortable bursts.
Observes when your child is most accessible and jot down when these things are. It may be:
* when he's being tickled;
* when you sing to him;
* when play rough and tumble;
* when he's eating something he really likes;
* when he's splashing in puddles;
* when he's having a bath;and
* when he's relaxed and in bed, etc, etc.
Once you have pinpointed these times, use them as periods when you really work on showing your child that communication with people means something - that it brings its own rewards. (to be continued later)
"目光接触训练 (初始阶段-B)
* Encourage your child to touch you and create a response that he may find appealing. For example, guide his hand to your face and make a "beep beep" noise when he touches your nose, or put out your tongue.Make the same response every time so that he realises that the same gesture creates the same response. He may want to repeat the game over and over.This may be a good game to play last thing when he's lying in bed, or when he's in bath.
* When you are engaging in a game he enjoys, such as tickling, stop to take a long pause (often longer than you might feel comfortable with), and wait for your child to make a gesture to indicate he wants the game to continue; this may be by making eye contact or pulling your hands back to him.In response, look back at your child, and say, "You want more? - yes?" and carry on the game.
* "Peek-a-boo" - Hold a cushion/cloth up to your face or hide behind objects (a huge box or play tunnel is great). Create lengthy pauses to build up anticipation and to give your child a space to indicate that he wants the game to continue.
* Pulling silly face - Cover your face with your hands and as you take them away change your expression. Try wearing a hat or painting your nose red with lipstick so your child really looks into your face. Encourage eye contact before you change expression.
* Dancing - Swing and sway to music with your child, then stop and pause for him to indicate he wants more.
* Blowing rasperries onto the palms of his hands/tummy - wait for eye contact before you do it again.
Once you are familiar with how your child responds when he attempts to communicate, look for more and more ways to access him and more opportunities for him to interact (2001:23-25).
我想对语风来说还真的是玩为主的,但可以有目的的切入一些手眼协调或者说全身协调的训练。
1、我想可以和语风玩一个采蘑菇的游戏。让他拿一个小篮子,你在地上放一些色彩比较鲜艳也很容易拿起来的积木或者小毛绒玩具,让他拿着篮子往前走,看到地上的东西就要蹲下捡起来放进篮子里。(我想他可能还不会弯腰捡东西)
2、把豆子放进杯子里。给他一些个头大一些的豆子,或者是开心果之类的,让他用右手的拇指和食指去捏住一粒豆子,然后放入一个杯子中。这个被子慢慢可以变成瓶口越来越小的瓶子。
3、桌上放两个碗,里面装的是绿豆或其他小豆子。给孩子一把稍微大点的勺子,让他勺起绿豆放入另一个碗里去。
4、白板上画棵苹果树,上面画一些圆圈,表示要长苹果的,那个带有颜色或图案的磁帖让孩子把磁贴放上去,说树上长苹果了,他会很开心。
5、桌子上和他滚乒乓球,也是很好的。
6、地上放一个纸盒,他的椅子旁放一些小毛绒玩具,让他拿起毛绒玩具往纸盒里扔,距离慢慢拉长,纸盒总有一天变篮筐,玩具有一天变成篮球。
7、一个人抱着他,另一人站对面,往他身上扔毛绒玩具,抱的人要辅助他去接住扔过来的玩具,让他有接住的意识,为以后的扔接球打基础
8、套圈,那种玩具可以买到的
看你地里写的这篇有关玩具的:“一直以来给小人儿买到他爱玩会玩的玩具都是让人很头疼的事情,他似乎只对勺子,瓶子和翻书情有独衷。昨天在一家玩具店买了几个玻璃球,大到他不能放到嘴里的程度。是那种密度比较大的。坐在他对面,在桌子上滚球,他很高兴的要用手去抓球,有时没接着,球掉到地上,发出清脆的声音,他乐得哈哈大笑。我在地上拍球,一开始一个,后来同时两个,他也很感兴趣的看, 笑得很开心,还想模仿我。这个游戏锻炼了他的手眼协调能力。”
我觉得象语风这么小的小小孩,玩具主要买可以摸和发出声音的为主,那种一按button就可以弹跳出来的,比较适合这个阶段的孩子。我的宝贝曾经很迷恋这种玩具,不停地按button,每次都会咯咯笑,都成了刻板行为,我当时还不知道。你看你给他滚球发出清脆的声音,他乐得哈哈大笑。最主要的就是能让他高兴起来。我认为不用着急他的逻辑和因果能力,只要他开心起来,心门开着,他自然就可以学习这些所谓的“逻辑和因果能力”。
如果他对“勺子,瓶子和翻书情有独钟”,那就用floor time的理念跟他玩他感兴趣的这几样“道具”。勺子,瓶子可以变出花样的,比如瓶子(可以是透明的玻璃瓶,也可以是实心的不透明的塑料瓶,大小不一的,林林总总多收集一些),最简单的可以让他把瓶子当球滚,你可以和他对滚;也可以拿塑料瓶当魔术道具,你可以在里面放些铃铛什么的,盖上瓶盖让他摇,或者你当魔术师给他“变变戏法”,不停地变些小东西出来,只要他感兴趣的小东西都可以放进去,变“魔术”时,可以放他喜欢的曲子;也可以排成一行或几行,拿勺子(或筷子,只能你自己用,注意不要让他玩筷子)敲出“美妙的乐曲”或混沌的声音,听到不同的“曲子”,你可以做些脸部表情,他一定也跃跃欲试,你就可以让他自己动手来敲;也可以找几个大瓶口的玻璃瓶,拿你买的那种玻璃球,你先示范
往里扔,扔的速度远近都可以渐进调整(当然以他的能力来调节),还可以把瓶子(越轻的越容易)全都“站立”起来,排成保龄球的队伍,拿你买的玻璃球来“击球”,语风看你击倒一大片,他一定有兴趣,给他玩的“保龄球”最好用塑料的那种比较安全。总之,一定要以安全第一。至于翻书的习惯,那是求之不得!你就找那种有大大图片的,不需要任何文字都可以,跟他一起翻看。图片最好是你家里都有实物的那种,每一样都拿实物给他对照。比如水果类的,翻到香蕉,你就拿香蕉给他摸和看,你在旁边旁白(弯弯的,黄色,很香),这种旁白一定要简短,多次重复后他能听得明白,也能把抽象的颜色与实物一一对应起来。这里面就有很多认知的东西可以结合着教了,任你发挥。同一本书,翻多次后,你可以试着把书倒过来。给他看,看他有无反应?也可以采取“你说他翻”来测试他,比如“宝宝,翻到香蕉!”或者干脆来一句“香蕉”。
不管玩具和书,大人都不要一成不变地认为“他只喜欢这几样”。孩子经常在变化,你可以时常给他新东西尝试。关键在于“如何有效地引导”,及时抓住他的兴趣点来拓展,慢慢给他扩展。逻辑因果就在这些拓展里提高的。与人的交流远比玩具效果好,玩具只是一个道具而已。不管自闭孩子还是正常孩子都如此。所以,尽量多与他互动,让他每天处于身心快乐之中。只有人的千变万化,才能让他与人越来越接近。这就是我看floor time的体会。所以“情感”就是驱动力,只要孩子情感的心门打开,进步自然会越来越多。
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