|
2#
楼主 |
发表于 2008-4-10 12:12:39
|
只看该作者
ABA是什么?.
下述的定义是从网络韦氏辞典上抄来的,我都懒得翻译。这种定义是给专业人士看的,估计国内翻译的教科书上的解释与此大同小异。既不好理解,更容易让大家觉得这是可望而不可及的高深的学问。真是这样吗?
Applied behavior analysis (ABA) is the science of applying experimentally derived principles of behavior to improve socially significant behavior. ABA takes what we know about behavior and uses it to bring about positive change (Applied). Behaviors are defined in observable and measurable terms in order to assess change over time (Behavior). The behavior is analyzed within the environment to determine what factors are influencing the behavior (Analysis).
在一本杂志上看到另外一种解释,觉得很有意思,把它拷下来,然后加上我的翻译。我觉得这个定义算是抓到了精髓:
There's very little to argue with the ideas that we do things more often when they have positive consequences (reinforcement), that when we don't know how to do something we need help to learn how (prompting), that such help needs to be eventually removed if we are to do the skill on our own (fading), and that we get better and better at things as we practice them more (shaping)。
我们每个人都喜欢做对了的事情,一如我们喜欢吃好吃的食物或喜欢表扬一样,同样干砸了的事情,你肯定不愿意再去做(这就是“强化”);当我们不知道如何做某件事情的时候,我们都希望会有外来的帮助(这就是“辅助”);当我们逐渐会做这件事情的时候,辅助就不再需要了(这就是“消退”);如果我们想把事情做好,需要一遍又一遍的练习(这就是“修正”)。这些都是我们每个人每天生活中都会经历的事情,好象没什么反对意见。你可知道,这就是ABA,你已经在不知不觉中实践了ABA。
一句话,ABA在生活之中。 |
|