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re:大家好，我从国外网站上下载了另外一个常见...
大家好，我从国外网站上下载了另外一个常见的测评表CARS，并且自己把它对照翻译成了中文，供大家参考。
C.A.R.S.
(Child Autism Rating Scale儿童自闭症测评表)
用法指南：本测评表包含了15项内容，请根据每项内容相关的行为表现来对孩子进行评估，选择最接近你孩子的选项。每项内容对于正常孩子是1分，最严重的是4分（所以最低15分，最高60分），如果你孩子的表现处于两个选项之间，可以用半分来表达，比如1.5、2.5或者3.5。根据最后相加得到的分数进行测评。
15－30分：不是自闭症
30－36分：轻微或中度自闭症（可怀疑HFA或Asperger，对于Asperger，很可能在30－33分之间）
36－60分：重度自闭症
第一项：Relating to People:（和他人的交互）
1 No evidence of difficulty orr abnormality in relating to people. The child's behavior is appropriate for his orr her age. Some shyness, fussiness of annoyance at being told what to do may be observed, but not to an atypical degree
在与他人交互上没有困难或异常的表现。孩子的行为表现和他/她的年龄相当。当被要求做一件事情的时候，可能出现一些羞涩、急躁或者厌烦的情绪，但是没有到反常的程度。
1.5
2 Mildly abnormal relationships. The child may avoid looking the adult in the eye, avoid the adult, orr become fussy if interaction is forced, be excessively shy, not be as responsive to the adult as typical, orr cling to parents somewhat more than most children of the same age.
与他人交互有轻微的异常。孩子可能回避与大人眼神交流，躲避大人，或者在被强求进行交互时产生急躁厌烦的情绪，或者过度害羞。不能象正常孩子一样对大人作出响应，或者和大多数同龄孩子相比更加依附父母。
2.5
3 Moderately abnormal relationships. The child shows aloofness(seems unaware of adults) at times. Persistent andd forceful attempts are necessary to get the child's attention at times. Minimal contact is initiated by the child.
与他人交互上有中度异常。孩子时常会处于超然度外的样子（似乎不意识到大人的存在）。时常需要用持续和强制的努力才能吸引他的注意力。孩子极少发出主动接触。
3.5
4 Severely abnormal relationships. The child is constantly aloof orr unaware of what the adult is doing. He orr she almost never responds orr initiates contact with the adult. Only the most persistent attempts to get the child's attention have any effect.
与他人交互上有重度异常。孩子一直出于超然度外的样子，毫不关心大人在作什么。他几乎从不对大人发出响应或主动发起交互。仅在极度持续的努力下才能吸引孩子的注意力。
4.5
第二项： Imitation:（模仿）
1 Appropriate imitation. The child can imitate sounds, words, andd movements which are appropriate for his orr her skill level.
合适的模仿行为。孩子能够模仿声音，词句和动作，这些行为和他的应有的能力水平相当。
1.5
2 Mildly abnormal imitation. The child imitates simple behaviors such as clapping orr single verbal sounds most of the time: occasionally, imitates only after prodding orr a delay.
轻度异常的模仿行为。孩子在很多时候能模仿简单的动作（比如拍手）或者简单的语音，偶尔只能在受激励的情况下才能做到，或者时间上有所延迟地做到。
2.5
3 Moderately abnormal imitation. The child imitates only part of the time andd requires a great deal of persistence andd help from the adult; frequently imitates only after a delay.
中度异常的模仿行为。孩子只能在部分时间里做到模仿，并且需要大人持续大量的帮助才能做到，或者仅在一定的时间延迟后，频繁地模仿。
3.5
4 severely abnormal imitation. The child rarely orr never imitates sounds, words, orr movements even with prodding andd assistance.
严重异常的模仿行为。即使在激励和帮助下，孩子也极少或者从未模仿过声音、词句或者动作。
第三项：Emotional response:（情绪反应）
1 Age-appropriate andd situation-appropriate responses. The child shows the appropriate type andd degree of emotional response as indicated by a change in facial expression, posture, andd manner.
与年龄相符的或者和情境相符的情绪反应。孩子能够表现出类型和程度都合适的情绪反应，并体现在面部表情、姿态和行为上的变化。
1.5
2 Mildly abnormal emotional responses. The child occasionally displays a somewhat inappropriate type orr degree of emotional response. Reactions are sometimes unrelated to the objects orr event surrounding them.
轻度异常的情绪反应。孩子偶尔会表现出某种在类型上或程度上不合适的情绪反应。他的反应有时和周围的事和物不相关。
2.5
3 Moderately abnormal emotional responses. The child shows definite signs of inappropriate type and/or degree of emotional response. Reactions may be quite inhibited orr excessive andd unrelated to the situation; may grimace, laugh, orr become rigid even though no apparent emotion producing objects orr events are present.
中度异常的情绪反应。孩子明显表现出在类型和（或）程度上不适当的情绪反应。他的反应可能相当内向或者相当外项，并且和情境无关；可能在没有明显能够引发情绪变化的事物存在的情况下做鬼脸、发笑、或者变得呆板。
3.5
4 Severely abnormal emotional responses. Responses are seldom appropriate to the situation; once the child gets in a certain mood, it is very difficult to change the mood. Conversely, the child may show wildly different emotions when nothing has changed.
重度异常的情绪反应。情绪反应很少和情境相符；一旦孩子处于某种情绪下就很难改变情绪。相反地，孩子也可能在周围没有发生任何变化的情况下发生很多不同的情绪变化。
第四项： Body Use:（肢体运用）
1 Age appropriate body use. The child moves with the same ease, agility, andd coordination of a normal child of the same age.
和年龄相符的肢体运用。孩子活动自如、敏捷、协调，和同龄孩子相当。
1.5
2 Mildly abnormal body use. Some minor peculiarities may be present, such as clumsiness, repetitive movements, poor coordination orr the rare appearance of more unusual movements.
轻度异常的肢体运用。可能呈现某些轻度的癖好，比如笨拙、重复动作、协调性差，或者较少程度地出现不寻常的动作。
2.5
3 Moderately abnormal body use. Behaviors that are clearly strange orr unusual for a child of this age may include strange finger movements, peculiar finger orr body posturing, staring, picking at the body, self-directed aggression, rocking, spinning, orr toe walking.
中度异常的肢体运用。表现出和同龄孩子相比明显怪异和不寻常的举动，比如奇怪的手指动作、奇特的手指或肢体姿势、凝视或者戳身体的部位、自伤、摇摆、旋转或者踮起脚尖走路。
3.5
4 Severely abnormal body use. Intense of frequent movements of the type listed above are signs of severely abnormal body use. The behaviors may persist despite attempts to discourage them orr involve the child in other activities.
重度异常的肢体运用。存在严重和频繁的上述异常行为，这些行为即使在受到阻止或者把他置身于其他活动中之后依然持续。
第五项：Object Use:（物体运用）
1 Appropriate use of, andd interest in, toys andd other objects. The
child shows normal interest in toys andd other objects appropriate for
his orr her skill level andd uses these toys in appropriate ways.
对玩具或其他物体有合适的兴趣和使用方式。孩子对符合他能力水平的玩具和其他物体显示出正常的兴趣，能够用合适的方式玩耍。
1.5
2 Mildly inappropriate use of, andd interest in, toys andd other objects. The child may show atypical interest in a toy orr play with it in an inappropriate, childish way (e.g. banging orr sucking on the toy).
对玩具或其他物体存在轻微异常的兴趣和使用方式。孩子可能对某个玩具显示出不同寻常的兴趣，并且用不适当的、幼稚的方式玩耍（比如重重拍打或者吮吸玩具）
2.5
3 Moderately inappropriate use of, andd interest in, toys andd other objects. The child may show little interest in toys orr other objects, orr he may be preoccupied with using an object orr toy in some strange way. He orr she may focus on some insignificant part of the toy, be come fascinated with light reflection off the object, repetitively move some part of the object, orr play with the object exclusively.
对玩具或其他物体存在中度异常的兴趣和使用方式。孩子可能对玩具和其他物体基本不发生兴趣，或者专注于用奇怪的方式进行玩耍。孩子可能专注于玩具某些不显眼的部件，着迷于物体的光影，重复移动物体的某些部件，或者专门玩同一个物体。
3.5
4 Severely inappropriate use of, andd interest in, toys andd other objects. The child may engage in the same behaviors as above with greater frequency andd intensity. The child is difficult to distract when engaged in these inappropriate activities.
对玩具或物体存在重度异常的兴趣和使用方式。孩子更加频繁地着迷于上述罗列的行为中，并且难以吸引他的注意力。
第六项：Adaptation to change:（对变化的适应）
1 Age appropriate responses to change. While the child may notice orr comment on change in routines, he orr she accepts these changes without undue distress.
对变化的反应和年龄相当。孩子会意识到或者评述一些生活规律和习惯的改变，但是能够接受，没有不当的紧张和不适。
1.5
2 Mildly abnormal age appropriate responses to change. When an adult tries to change tasks, the child may continue the same activity orr use the same materials.
对变化的反应轻度异常。当大人试图改变要求完成的任务时，孩子继续同样的行为，或者运用同样的材料。
2.5
3 Moderately abnormal age appropriate responses to change. The child actively resists changes in routine, tries to continue the old activity, andd is difficult to distract. He orr she may become angry andd unhappy when an established routine is altered.
对变化的反应中度异常。孩子对常规的改变明显抗拒，试图继续原有的活动方式，难以引开注意力。孩子因改变他已经建立的常规方式产生愤怒和不快。
3.5
4 Severely abnormal age appropriate responses to change. The child shows sever reactions to change. If a change is forced, he orr she may become extremely angry orr uncooperative andd respond with tantrums.
对变化的反应重度异常。孩子对变化产生严重的反应，当被强加改变时，孩子会变得极度愤怒和不合作，大发脾气。
第七项：Visual response:（视觉反应）
1 The child's visual behavior is normal andd appropriate for that age. Vision is used together with the other senses as a way to explore a new object.
视觉行为正常。配合其他感官使用视觉功能，把它作为探索新事物的方式。
1.5
2 Mildly abnormal visual response. The child must be occasionally reminded to look at objects. The child may be more interested in looking at mirrors orr lighting than peers, may occasionally stare off into space, orr may avoid looking people in the eye
视觉行为轻度异常。孩子偶尔需要在有提醒的情况下才能看物体。孩子可能比同龄孩子更有兴趣照镜子或看灯光，可能偶尔凝视天空，或者回避和他人眼神接触。
2.5
3 Moderately abnormal visual response. The child must be reminded frequently to look at what he orr she is doing. He orr she may stare off into space, avoid looking people in the eye, look at objects from an unusual angle, orr hold objects very close to the eyes.
视觉行为中度异常。孩子必须时常需要人提醒才能转而看他正在做的事情。可能凝视天空或回避他人的眼神，从异常的角度看物体，或者把物体凑近眼睛看。
3.5
4 Severely abnormal visual response. The child consistently avoids looking at people orr certain objects andd may show extreme forms of other visual peculiarities described above.
视觉行为重度异常。孩子始终回避看他人或或某些特定的物体，并且已极度严重的形式呈现出上述异常视觉行为。
第八项： Listening Response:（听觉反应）
1 Age appropriate listening responses. The child's listening behavior is normal andd appropriate for age. Listening is used together with the other senses.
和年龄相符的正常听觉反应。孩子听觉行为正常，并且和其他敢管配合使用。
1.5
2 Mildly abnormal listening responses. There may be some lack of response, orr mild overreaction to certain sounds. Responses to sounds may be delayed, andd sounds may need repetition to catch the child's attention. The child may be distracted by extraneous sounds.
轻度听觉反应异常。对某些声音可能缺少反应或者轻微地过度反应。对声音的反应可能有延迟，并且需要重复声音才能吸引孩子的注意力。孩子可能会被不相干的声音干扰。
2.5
3 Moderately abnormal listening responses. The child's responses to sounds vary; often ignores a sound the first few times it is made; may be startled orr cover ears when hearing some everyday sounds.
中度听觉反应异常。孩子对声音的反应不一而足，时常听不到某个声音刚开始的几声，对于日常生活中的声音，可能感到惊恐或捂住耳朵。
3.5
4 Severely abnormal listening responses. The child overreacts and/or
underreacts to sounds to an extremely marked degree, regardless of the
type of sound.
重度听觉反应异常。对于任何声音，孩子出现程度严重的过度反应和（或）过低反应。
第九项： Taste, Smell, andd Touch Response andd Use:（味觉、嗅觉和触觉反应以及运用）
1 Normal use of, andd response to taste, smell, andd touch. The child explores new objects in an age appropriate manner, generally by feeling orr looking. Taste orr smell may be used when appropriate. When reacting to minor everyday pain, the child expresses discomfort but does not overreact.
味觉、嗅觉和触觉反应正常，使用正常。孩子以年龄相仿的适当方式，一般通过感觉和视觉来探知新事物。在合适的时候使用味觉和嗅觉。当遇到轻微的日常伤痛后，孩子表现出不适，但没有过度的反应。
1.5
2 Mildly abnormal use of, andd responses to, taste, smell, andd touch. The child may persist in putting objects in his orr her mouth; may smell orr taste inedible objects; may ignore orr overreact to mild pain that a normal child would express only discomfort.
轻度异常。孩子可能坚持要把东西放到口中，可能去闻或者品尝不能实用的东西；可能对轻微的伤痛没有反应或者过度反应（正常孩子只是表达不适）。
2.5
3 Moderately abnormal use of, andd responses to, taste, smell, andd touch. The child may be moderately preoccupied with touching, smelling, orr tasting objects orr people. The child may react too much orr too little.
中度异常。孩子可能中度地沉迷于对物体或人的触摸、嗅或者品尝。孩子可能反应过度或者过少。
3.5
4 Severely abnormal use of, andd responses to, taste, smell, andd touch. The child is preoccupied with smelling, tasting, andd feeling objects more for the sensation than for normal exploration orr use of the objects. The child may completely ignore pain orr react very strongly to slight discomforts.
重度异常。孩子沉迷于嗅、品尝和触摸物体，更多的是满足于感知，而不是为了正常地探究或者使用物体。孩子可能完全失去痛觉，或者对轻微的不适表现出强烈的反应。
第十项： （恐惧或紧张）
1 Normal fear orr nervousness. The child's behavior is appropriate both to the situation andd to his orr her age.
正常的恐惧或紧张反应。孩子的表现和情境、年龄相符。
1.5
2 Mildly abnormal fear orr nervousness. The child occasionally shows too much orr too little fear orr nervousness compared to the reactions of a normal child of the same age andd similar situation.
轻微的异常。相比于同龄孩子处于同样的情境，孩子偶尔表现出过多或过少的恐惧和紧张。
2.5
3 Moderately abnormal fear orr nervousness. The child shows either quite a bit more orr quite a bit less fear than is typical for even a child younger orr older in a similar situation.
中度的异常。相比于小一些或大一些的孩子，处于同样的情境下，孩子表现出相当程度的过多或者过少的恐惧。
3.5
4 Severely abnormal fear orr nervousness. Fears persist even after repeated experience with harmless events orr objects. It is extremely difficult to calm orr comfort the child. The child may, conversely, fail to show appropriate regard for the hazards other children of the same age avoid.
重度异常。哪怕反复经历过的无害的事情或物体，孩子都始终表现出恐惧。非常难以安慰使之平静。同龄孩子能够正常躲避的危险，孩子可能相反地表现出无畏。
第十一项：（语言交流）
1 normal verbal communication, age andd situation appropriate.
正常的语言交流，和年龄相符，和情境相符。
1.5
2 Mildly abnormal verbal communication. Speech shows overall retardation. Most speech is meaningful; however, some echolalia orr pronoun reversal may occur. Some peculiar words orr jargon may be used occasionally.
轻度异常。语言发展表现出全面的滞后。大多数语言有意义，存在仿说或者代词反用情况。偶尔出现怪异词句或者没有意义的话。
2.5
3 Moderately abnormal verbal communication. Speech may be absent. When
present, verbal communication may be a mixture of some meaningful communication andd some peculiar speech such as jargon, echolalia, orr pronoun reversal. Peculiarities in meaningful speech may include excessive questioning orr preoccupation with particular topics.
中度异常。可能没有语言。如果有，语言交流中混杂一些没有意义的交流内容，并存在异常语言，比如无意义的废话、仿说和代词反用。有意义的交流中可能出现过度提问或者专注于某些特定话题等异常现象。
3.5
4 Severely abnormal verbal communication. Meaningful speech is not used. The child may make infantile squeals, weird orr animal-like sounds, complex noises approximating speech, orr may show persistent, bizarre use of some recognizable words orr phrases
重度异常。不出现有意义的语言。孩子可能发出婴儿般的尖叫、怪异的或者象动物一样的声音、接近于语言的复杂的声音，或者持续怪异地使用一些能够识别的词句或短语。
第十二项： （非语言交流）
1 Normal use of nonverbal communication, age andd situation appropriate.
正常的非语言交流，符合年龄和情境。
1.5
2 Mildly abnormal use of nonverbal communication. Immature use of nonverbal communication; may only point vaguely, orr reach for what he orr she wants, in same situations where the same-age child may point orr gesture more specifically to indicate what he orr she wants.
轻度异常。不能熟练使用非语言交流，可能只是指物模糊，或者试图去抓取他想要的东西，而在同样的情形下，同龄的正常孩子可能会更明确地指向或者作出手势来表达他想要这个东西。（意为实际不容易抓到，但是他认为能够抓到而试图去抓，---本人的理解）
2.5
3 Moderately abnormal use of nonverbal communication. The child is generally unable to express needs orr desires nonverbally, andd cannot understand the nonverbal communication of others.
中度异常。孩子一般不能用非语言的方式来表达要求，并且不能理解他人的非语言交流行为。
3.5
4 Severely abnormal use of nonverbal communication. The child only uses bizarre orr peculiar gestures which have no apparent meaning, andd shows no awareness of the meanings associated with the gestures orr facial expressions of others.
重度异常。孩子只会用怪异的、或者他特有的、没有明显意义的手势，并且不能理解他人的手势、面部表情所表达的含义。
第十三项： （活动量）
1 Normal activity level for age andd circumstances. The child is neither more active nor less active than a normal child of the same age in a similar situation.
正常活动量，和年龄、情境相仿。和同龄孩子处于同样情境相比，不表现过多或过少的活动量。
1.5
2 Mildly abnormal activity level. The child may either be mildly restless orr somewhat "lazy" andd slow moving at times. The child's activity level interferes only slightly with his orr her performance.
轻度异常。孩子时常表现出轻度的不安分或者一定程度的“懒散”并且行动缓慢。孩子的活动量对他的表现产生轻微的妨碍。
2.5
3 Moderately abnormal activity level. The child may be quite active andd difficult to restrain. He orr she may have boundless energy orr may not go to sleep readily at night. Conversely, the child may be quite lethargic, andd need a great deal of prodding to get him orr her to move about.
中度异常。孩子可能相当活跃，难以约束。可能有无穷的精力，晚上可能不能平静入睡。相反，孩子可能的相当的沉闷，需要极大的激励才能使他活动。
3.5
4 Severely abnormal activity level. The child exhibits extremes of activity orr inactivity andd may even shift from one extreme to the other.
重度异常。孩子表现出极端的活跃或者不活跃，并且可能在两个极端间转换。
第十四项： （智力水平和各方面的均衡度）
1
智力正常，在各个方面比较均衡。孩子具有和同龄孩子一样的智力水平，没有任何不寻常的智力技巧或困难。
1.5
2
轻度异常。孩子和同龄孩子相比不那么聪明，各项能力还算均衡。
2.5
3
中度异常。孩子总体上不如同龄孩子聪明，但是孩子可能在某个或几个方面接近正常。
3.5
4
重度异常。虽然在总体上不如同龄孩子聪明，但是在某个或某些方面甚至比同龄孩子优秀。
第十五项： General Impressions:（总体印象）
1
没有自闭症：孩子没有表现出一项自闭症的症状。
1.5
2
轻度自闭症：孩子只表现出少数几个症状，或者只表现出轻度自闭。
2.5
3
中度自闭症：孩子表现出不少自闭症状，或者表现出中度自闭。
3.5
4
重度自闭症：孩子表现出许多自闭症状，或者表现出重度自闭。
<font size="1" color="darkblue">Edited by - thankstoyilin 重新编辑於 2006/01/03 15:16:02</font> |
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