美科学家发现了检测自闭的方法

杰赋

美国新泽西州的科学家发现了在尿中检测自闭症的生化危险因素(高浓度的"坏“脂肪分子)。他们发现自闭儿不能消化关键的脂肪酸，而这些脂肪酸会帮助人体对抗引起大脑和其他身体器官损伤的炎症。 许多自闭儿缺少一种被称为GSTM1的基因，而这种基因与脂肪代谢有关。这一发现已为其他的实验室所证实。
下一步，新泽西州的科学家们准备选一些自闭儿，给他们补充关键脂肪酸，看有何效果。

(听起来好像很熟悉，关键的脂肪酸是否就是鱼油之类。家长们早就在补充了。)

http://www.nj.com/news/ledger/index.ssf?/base/news-11/117177694297300.xml&coll=1

Jersey scientists find a possible key to autism
Sunday, February 18, 2007
BY PEGGY O'CROWLEY
Star-Ledger Staff

A team of New Jersey scientists believes it has found ways to detect biological risk factors for autism through simple urine and blood tests, a discovery that could lead to groundbreaking medical treatment for the neurological disorder.

The team of 16 scientists, mostly drawn from the campuses of the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, say their findings, the result of more than two years of study on how the body breaks down fatty acids, could be a breakthrough for what is the fastest-growing developmental disorder in the nation, with no known cause or cure.


The UMDNJ researchers say they have found that children with autism are unable to metabolize key fatty acids that help the body fight inflammation that causes damage to the brain and other organs.


"It's an exciting story that's unfolding," said George Lambert, coordinator of the 15-member research team.

The potential treatment, members of the team say, is a kind of "therapeutic cocktail" tailored to each child, which would give them a dose of a "good" fatty acid that they are not able to make on their own. Team member Bernd Spur of UMDNJ-Stratford created the chemical process to replicate one of those good fatty acids.

"The pathway doesn't work (in the body), so we circumvent it," said Spur, a chemist.

Currently, the only way to diagnose autism is by a clinical assessment of symptoms, which include difficulty with communication and social interaction, as well as obsessive behaviors and interests. New Jersey has a high incidence of the disorder, affecting 1 in 94 children in the state, compared with 1 in 150 in the U.S., according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Researchers say that in the future a person's risk for autism could be measured with a simple urine test that would look for high levels of "bad" fat molecules, or a blood test that could reveal genetic problems, including the absence of a key gene, called GSTM1, which is responsible for metabolizing good fats. Many people with autism do not have this gene.

Xue Ming, a neuroscientist and a founding director of the Autism Center at UMNDJ-Newark, discovered that children with autism have higher levels of bad fat molecules in their urine than typical children.

No one understands yet why it is that so many children with autism have such metabolic differences, but Ming suggested it might be caused by an interaction between genes and the environment. It may be that having less of these key fats reduces the body's ability to deal with environmental and metabolic stress.

Since the 1990s, scientists have known about the potential for good fatty acids to treat inflammatory diseases such as Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, even asthma and Alzheimer's.

That potential has spurred a frenzy of research into lipids, the fatty compounds that include fatty acids. Studies at the University of Pennsylvania and Vanderbilt University have confirmed the New Jersey group's findings, said Spur.

               
At Harvard University, researchers are working on treatments for asthma and periodontal disease, while researchers at Louisiana State University are focusing on stroke.

Team members have been meeting every week for more than two years to discuss the results of their experiments. They include Lambert, a pediatric toxicologist who looks at the impact of the environment on children; Spur, the chemist who replicated the fatty acid in the lab; neurologist William Johnson, who associated the missing gene with autism; and Ming, a neuroscientist who tested for the presence of bad lipids in children.

So far, the scientists have obtained six patents for their research, Lambert said. They soon will meet with the Food and Drug Administration to discuss the requirements for producing and testing their substances, he added.

"Metabolic issues in autism are entirely understudied," said Sophia Colamarino, science director for Cure Autism Now, a major advocacy and research group in Los Angeles. "It's a very exciting area. There is accumulating evidence that would clearly tell me this is where I should look."

The New Jersey scientists are cautious, however, about their preliminary results, and warn families not to expect a miracle cure. Testing on humans, they say, could take a few years.

Meanwhile, the researchers are preparing a preliminary study to begin in September. Lambert hopes o work with 5- to 7-year-olds at the Douglass Developmental Disabilities Center in New Brunswick,  school for children with autism run by Rutgers.

Lambert will be giving the children doses of a good fatty acids to see if they have any noticeable ffect on the children's cognitive, social and behavioral states. The study will use a control group of similar students.

"New Jersey is the perfect place to do this," said Lambert, director of the EPA-funded Center for Neurotoxicology. "We have a high incidence (of autism), a long history of activism and a strong community."

杰赋

主持此项研究的华人神经学专家Xue Ming教授告诉记者，至今仍无人知道是何原因导致如此多的自闭儿有此异常的代谢问题。她推测可能是基因和环境的交互影响引致。可能是由于体内缺少这种关键的脂肪以至削弱了人体对环境和代谢压力的调节能力。

不知有谁认识这位毕业于上医的薛(Xue)教授? 最好能让她上以琳网给大家直接解释此项研究结果。我个人觉得她的研究项目是自闭研究领域内最有可能在近期有重大突破的。

aridus

http://lib.bioinfo.pl/auid:2263532
上面有他别的研究。
有意思的是2006年的一篇研究的是给初生老鼠在脑神经发育关键期注射乙基汞，然后研究这些老鼠长大后对安非他明的反应，有自伤，刻板行为等等。结论是“支持了这样的假设：在生命的早期接触环境中的神经毒素可能使得个体在日后更容易有不正常的，攻击性的行为。”