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re:智力的问题也一直在困惑我。我尤其...
智力的问题也一直在困惑我。
我尤其搞不清楚“弱智”和“自闭”的在智力上的不同。分水岭应是IQ=70。大于70的自闭就是纯自闭。小于70就是弱智(mental retardation, MR)。可是我一直想不通,如果IQ小于70的人,他难道能通过自闭的诊断标准而不属于autism吗? 可我又觉得可能可以吧,像唐式儿,也许即使IQ小于70,也许并不符合自闭的诊断标准。
当然IQ测试方法一定要合适测试者。
在英文中,智力的说法也至少有两种:intelligence,cognition.
Cognition定义:
The sort of mental processes described as cognitive or cognitive processes are largely influenced by research which has successfully used this paradigm in the past. Consequently, this description tends to apply to processes such as memory, attention, perception, action, problem solving and mental imagery. Traditionally, emotion was not thought of as a cognitive process. This division is now regarded as largely artificial, and much research is currently being undertaken to examine the cognitive psychology of emotion; research also includes one's awareness of strategies and methods of cognition, known as metacognition.
这里提到的是记忆,注意力,感知觉,行动,解决问题,想象力的处理过程。传统上,感情没有被归进去。但这是人为的。
Intelligence 定义:
Intelligence is a property of the mind that encompasses many related abilities, such as the capacities to reason, to plan, to solve problems, to think abstractly, to comprehend ideas, to use language, and to learn. There are several ways to define intelligence. In some cases, intelligence may include traits such as creativity, personality, character, knowledge, or wisdom. However, some psychologists prefer not to include these traits in the definition of intelligence.
这里提到了推理,计划,解决问题,抽象思维,理解想法,运用语言,学习的思维状态/属性/所有。有些时候还有可能包括创造力,个性,品格,知识,智慧。
所以是不是可以说大体上,intelligence正常,但cognition不正常。因为一个是结果(property),一个强调过程(process)。
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