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网上看到的消息,英语不好,凑合着能看懂一些, 摘译在此。
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本周一,美国儿科学会,发布了两份报告,旨在帮助儿科医生对自闭症的早期辨识,和引导家长进行有效的早期干预
许多自闭症专家对新的指导方案欢呼雀跃之时,有些人也心存担忧,新的指导方案可能造成一些正常儿童被误诊,从而引起家长们不必要的惊慌。
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Pediatricians Urge Autism Screening
U.S. Pediatricians Group Urges Autism Screening for All Toddlers by Age 2 in Renewed Push
美儿科医生强烈要求,对全部婴儿,在两岁前,进行自闭症筛查
美国最主要的儿科医生团体强力推动对所有婴儿在两岁前进行自闭症检查。筛查一些自闭症的早期预兆,诸如9个月大还没有咿呀学语,一岁还不会手指玩具等。
这个建议的初衷是帮助家长和医生早期发现自闭症,对这种发育障碍,没有治愈的手段([U][I]这句话很多家长不愿意听[/I][/U]),但是专家称早期干预可以减轻自闭症的症状。
两份报告内容包括一些应该留意的早期症状,和对所有婴儿在两岁前进行自闭症检查的倡议。报告于本周一在旧金山美国儿科研究会的年会上发布,将刊登在11月份的儿科期刊,也会上传到协会的网站上。
http://www.autismspeaks.org/ 网站将会推介自闭症的早期诊断和干预的方法
([I]我注意到这个网站上以前大量的生物疗法网页,诸如名噪一时的某医生的基因疗法,重金属螯合疗法等,现在都删掉了,只剩下控制牛奶和面食的特殊饮食方法[/I]。)
两份报告称,如果怀疑自闭症,应该在正式诊断之前就开始干预。报告同时提醒家长,关于特殊饮食和一些“名人”认可的另类疗法,没有证据证实有效。([I]我的孩子在诊断出自闭症后,就开始控制牛奶和面食的特殊饮食。三个月后,进步很大。我曾一度相信特殊饮食起的作用,但后来放弃特殊饮食,孩子并没有任何倒退,相反一直进步着。自闭症孩子对一些饮食的过敏和不耐受的比率,真的比正常孩子来得高吗? 我现在持怀疑态度,我也不相信我在<生物疗法>栏目中的投票统计的结果具有说服力。现在看来,我的孩子或者是是其他的干预方法起作用;或者是诊断出自闭症后,我们对他教养重视的结果;或者是他本身的发展轨迹决定;或者他本来就不是典型的自闭症[/I])
建议的干预方法应该包括至少每周25小时的密集的行为的干预,包含教学活动和语言治疗等,报告也列举了几个对孩子有所帮助的干预方法。
我只翻译到这里,下面是原文:
http://abcnews.go.com/Health/wireStory?id=3787970
http://abcnews.go.com/WN/story?id=3792313
http://abcnews.go.com/Health/story?id=3782769&page=1
The country's leading pediatricians group is making its strongest push yet to have all children screened for autism twice by age 2, warning of symptoms such as babies who don't babble at 9 months and 1-year-olds who don't point to toys.
The advice is meant to help both parents and doctors spot autism sooner. There is no cure for the disorder, but experts say that early therapy can lessen its severity.
Symptoms to watch for and the call for early screening come in two new reports. They are being released by the American Academy of Pediatrics on Monday at its annual meeting in San Francisco and will appear in the November issue of the journal Pediatrics and on the group's Web site http://www.aap.org/.
The reports list numerous warning signs, such as a 4-month-old not smiling at the sound of Mom or Dad's voice, or the loss of language or social skills at any age.
Experts say one in 150 U.S. children have the troubling developmental disorder.
"Parents come into your office now saying 'I'm worried about autism.' Ten years ago, they didn't know what it was," said Dr. Chris Johnson of the University of Texas Health Science Center in San Antonio. She co-authored the reports.
The academy's renewed effort reflects growing awareness since its first autism guidelines in 2001. A 2006 policy statement urged autism screening for all children at their regular doctor visits at age 18 months and 24 months.
The authors caution that not all children who display a few of these symptoms are autistic and they said parents shouldn't overreact to quirky behavior.
Just because a child likes to line up toy cars or has temper tantrums "doesn't mean you need to have concern, if they're also interacting socially and also pretending with toys and communicating well," said co-author Dr. Scott Myers, a neurodevelopmental pediatrician in Danville, Pa.
"With awareness comes concern when there doesn't always need to be," he said. "These resources will help educate the reader as to which things you really need to be concerned about."
Another educational tool, a Web site that debuted in mid-October, offers dozens of video clips of autistic kids contrasted with unaffected children's behavior. That Web site http://www.autismspeaks.org/ is sponsored by two nonprofit advocacy groups: Autism Speaks and First Signs. They hope the site will promote early diagnosis and treatment to help children with autism lead more normal lives.
The two new reports say children with suspected autism should start treatment even before a formal diagnosis. They also warn parents about the special diets and alternative treatments endorsed by celebrities, saying there's no proof those work.
Recommended treatment should include at least 25 hours a week of intensive behavior-based therapy, including educational activities and speech therapy, according to the reports. They list several specific approaches that have been shown to help.
For very young children, therapy typically involves fun activities, such as bouncing balls back and forth or sharing toys to develop social skills; there is repeated praise for eye contact and other behavior autistic children often avoid.
Mary Grace Mauney, an 18-year-old high school senior from Lilburn, Ga., has a mild form of autism that wasn't diagnosed until she was 9.
As a young girl, she didn't smile, spoke in a very formal manner and began to repeat the last word or syllable of her sentences. She was prone to intense tantrums, but only outside school. There, she excelled and was in gifted classes.
"I took her to a therapist and they said she was just very sensitive and very intense and very creative," said her mother, Maureen, 54.
Pediatricians should send such children for "early intervention as soon as you even think there's a problem," Johnson said.
Dr. Ruby Roy, a pediatrician with Loyola University Medical Center, who treats at least 20 autistic children, applauded the reports.
"This is a disorder that is often missed, especially when it's mild, and the mild kids are the ones ... who can be helped the most," Roy said.
Dr. Dirk Steinert, who treats children and adults at Columbia St. Mary's clinic in suburban Milwaukee, said the push for early autism screening is important but that it's tough to squeeze it into a child's regular wellness checkup.
Some pediatricians have tried scheduling a visit just to check for developmental problems, when children are 2 1/2. The problem is that insurance doesn't always cover these extra visits, Steinert said.
AP Medical Writer Mike Stobbe in Atlanta contributed to this report.
On the Net:
American Academy of Pediatrics: http://www.aap.org/
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