社会技能训练应置于自然环境下进行

丑丑妈

老师强调孩子的对视不好，要求我生活中注意，结果孩子今天在和我一起看电视时，两主角在说话，孩子说，“妈妈，你看，他站在那女的前边说话，还背向那女的，他在自言自语了。”我给他的解释是，“那男的很生气，所以没看看女的。”

mmm

这篇东西也很有意思：

Study Finds Pull-Out Social Skills Therapy Is Ineffective - What's Your Opinion?

People with autism all have difficulty in grasping and using social skills. For some, that means an inability to verbalize at all; for others it means difficulty interpreting facial expressions or appropriately responding to greetings. To yet others, often those with Asperger syndrome or high functioning autism, it means an inability to carry on an ordinary conversation in an ordinary way.
To address this problem, schools and independent practitioners have developed social skills therapies. Often, these take the form of formal practice sessions set in an office or classroom. Sometimes, social skills therapists use curricula developed by experts - but more often they simply practice play skills and conversational techniques.

Over the past years, a number of researchers have conducted studies to figure out whether this type of therapy really helps kids achieve more typical social relationships. A group at Indiana University did a "meta study" to review the existing reports. Here's what they found:

A meta-analysis of 55 published research studies reveals programs designed to teach social skills to children with autism are failing to meet their goals. The study, conducted at Indiana University, found that outcomes for social skills training were poor overall, but programs held in normal classroom settings were more likely to result in positive changes than programs held in other environments.

Obviously, this finding would suggest (in my opinion very reasonably) that artificial settings in which autistic children practice social skills with one another and an adult are unlikely to produce much in the way of "typical" social behavior. From what I have seen so far, these sessions tend to produce adult-pleasing behaviors (such as using please and thank you, asking follow-up questions, and making eye contact). But they do very little to help our children understand typical kids, who tend NOT to say please, ask about the weekend, or even make much eye contact!

In fact, because these sessions are so often taught by adult women to little boys, I believe they wind up helping the boys to act more like adult women! Women are the ones who love to sit around and chat, make eye contact, and generally share feelings and experiences. Boys and men, at least in my experience, are far more likely to actually DO things together (play games, share technology and the like) - and to converse relatively little. When they do talk, it's usually about the activity in which they're engaged, not about distant people and things.

Of course, the ideal would be to get groups of typical and autistic children together in naturalistic settings - recess, lunch, after school - to share things like gameboy strategies or just to shoot hoops. So far, our school district has told us consistently that this is impossible! The reasons range from scheduling conflicts to privacy issues to lack of staffing.

作者认为：由于自闭症训练者经常都是些成年妇女，所以那些人为的训练环境（要求自闭症儿童问好，问问题，还有眼神训练等）可能会使自闭症儿童的行为更象成年妇女。因为女人们才喜欢围在一起聊天，互相拿眼看，分享生活经验和个人感觉。而正常的儿童并不这样做。正常儿童不喜欢客套寒暄，不喜欢问长问短，也不会互相看来看去。他们更喜欢一起做事：比如一起玩，一起打蓝球，分享游戏技巧等。所以，那些人工环境下进行的社会技能训练并不能使自闭症儿童向正常儿童靠拢。

理想的做法是使自闭症儿童和正常儿童一起渡过那些自然环境，如课间休息，午餐，还有放学后一起活动等。但是由于时间冲突，个人的一些原因和人手不够等原因，这样做几乎是不可能的。

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我还是第一次听到这样的说法：自闭症儿童的行为更象成年妇女。我见过一个非常成功的案例，那个孩子16岁，听话，懂事，细心，还真的有些象成年妇女。正常孩子不这个样子。

mmm

楼主说的对。

mmm

However, students receiving social skills programming in their usual classrooms had substantially more favorable outcomes than students who received services in a pull-out setting.


"This finding has important implications for school-based social skill interventions. Teachers and other school personnel should place a premium on selecting social skill interventions that can be reasonably implemented within naturalistic settings,"

我的理解和楼主好像不太一样。根据上面的结论，研究结果表明：

在正常学校环境下进行的社会技能教育项目比其他环境下产生了积极的影响。因此鼓励教师和其他人员在选择训练题目时，要首先考虑那些自然环境下经常应用的社会技能。

因此，根据这项研究，社会技能训练应置于正常学校环境，但是在选择训练内容时，应首先考虑那些自然环境下经常应用的社会技能。